Introductory Memo
Across continents, the politics of migration is undergoing a sharp transformation. Countries that once viewed illegal migration primarily through humanitarian frameworks are now treating it as a question of security, demography, and sovereignty. From biometric borders in Europe to deportation drives in the United States and smart fencing in India, governments are redesigning migration policies with deterrence at the centre. The debate is no longer limited to compassion alone. It now sits at the intersection of identity, integration, public resources, and national security.