Introductory Memo
After the last Population Census in 2011, India has begun its nationwide exercise once again now to count a population of over 1.4 billion people. Far more than a headcount, the Census captures how the country has transformed over the past decade. It maps several aspects from migration patterns and urban growth to changing household realities. This data becomes the backbone of policymaking. It guides decisions on welfare schemes, infrastructure development, and political representation. At a time when India is increasingly relying on digital and real-time data systems, the Census provides a crucial, verified baseline. In many ways, how accurately India counts itself will shape how effectively it can plan for its future.