Introductory Memo
In an era of technological control increasingly shaping geopolitical influence, semiconductor capability is no longer just an industrial advantage; it is a strategic necessity. For India, the stakes are particularly high. Decades of dependence on overseas fabrication created a growing strategic vulnerability. The domestic semiconductor market valued at nearly USD 45-50 billion now, is expected to cross USD 100 billion by 2030. While India built world-class expertise in chip design, most chips designed by Indian engineers continued to be manufactured abroad. The launch of the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) in 2021 marked India’s most serious effort to bridge that gap. The country is building self-reliance across the chip value chain: from critical minerals and fabrication to packaging and deployment. Sustained public investment and the evolving framework of ISM 2.0 support India’s leap from policy ambition to physical infrastructure, laying the foundations of technological sovereignty.